The characteristics of a grinding wheel are mainly determined by factors such as abrasive, particle size, bond, hardness, structure, shape and size.
1. Abrasives
Abrasive is the main component of the grinding wheel. Each abrasive is equivalent to a tool. It has high hardness, wear resistance, heat resistance and certain toughness, and can withstand the cutting heat and cutting force during grinding.
2. Granularity
Particle size refers to the size of the abrasive particles. Particle size is divided into two categories: abrasive particles and micron powders. The grain size of the grinding wheel has a great influence on the roughness of the grinding surface and the grinding efficiency. The abrasive grains are coarse, the grinding depth is large, and the productivity is high, but the surface roughness value is large. The abrasive grains are fine, the grinding depth is uniform, and the surface roughness is small. Therefore, coarse grit is generally selected for rough grinding, and fine grit is selected for fine grinding. The particle size should be uniform to prevent scratching the workpiece.
3. Adhesive
Binders are the materials that bind the abrasive particles together to form the abrasive tool. The strength, impact resistance, heat resistance and corrosion resistance of the grinding wheel mainly depend on the type and nature of the bond.
4. Hardness
The hardness of the grinding wheel refers to the difficulty of the abrasive grains falling off under the action of external force when the grinding wheel is working. A hard grinding wheel means that the abrasive grains are not easy to fall off; a soft grinding wheel means that the grinding wheel is easy to fall off.
5. Organizational structure
The structure of the grinding wheel refers to the proportional relationship between the volumes of the three parts of the grinding wheel: abrasive grains, binder, and pores. It is usually classified according to the percentage of abrasive grains occupying the volume of the grinding wheel. Grinding wheels have three organizational states: tight, medium, and loose; they are further subdivided into No. 0-14, a total of 15 grades. The smaller the tissue number, the greater the proportion of abrasive grains, and the tighter the grinding wheel; conversely, the larger the tissue number, the smaller the proportion of abrasive grains, and the looser the grinding wheel.
6. Overall dimensions
The shape and size of the grinding wheel are determined according to the type of grinder, processing method and processing requirements of the workpiece.
